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UNITED STATES MILITARY
HISTORY
UNITED STATES ORDER OF BATTLE 7 DECEMBER
1941 - ARMY-ARMY AIR CORPS-NAVY, MARINE CORPS & COAST
GUARD
by Leo Niehorster
VOLUME 1 : US ARMY: CORPS AREAS, CONTINENTAL COMMANDS
& OVERSEAS COMMANDS
This book presents the US Army on 7 December 1941 -- the
day that the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor, resulting in
the United States active participation in World War II.
It starts out with the contents, and introduction, a page
with terms and abbreviations, and a key of the tactical
symbols used through the book. This is followed by a detailed
organizational diagram of the War Department including the
General Staff. The commands directly subordinate the General
Staff, (the U.S. Army Forces in the Far East and the Hawaiian
Department including the U.S. Army Air Forces components
assigned to them, as well as the nine Corps Areas), are
shown in further diagrams broken down into their component
parts, using tactical symbols. The second half of the book
deals with the General Headquarters, U.S. Army. This was
the headquarters charged with commanding the U.S. Army within
the Continental USA, Alaska, the Atlantic, and the Caribbean,
using further diagrams. The U.S. Army Air Forces are found
in the second volume of this book, and are demonstrated
in the same way.
This study is a compendium of facts that have never been
presented in this combination before. It is based on original
sources, most of them unpublished, such as the War Department
textual records, (amongst them the General and Special Orders),
as well as strength lists, unit activation lists, station
plans, authorized strengths, tables of organization, aircraft
allocations, individual unit histories, the US Army Station
List of 01.11.1941, and so on.
In the back of the book are annexes showing US Army units
at sea on 7 December 1941, US Army installations worldwide,
and a listing of U.S.A.A.F. Aircraft. The book is rounded
off by an index and bibliography.
The U.S. Army on 7 December 1941, (the date already being
8 December in the Philippines), although not actively at
war, had been preparing for war. The development of the
US Army from a small, outdated, and badly equipped force
into the mightiest army in the world, is described by Winston
Churchill as a "prodigy of organization." It will
become evident to the reader of this book that on 7 December
1941 the beginnings of the gigantic organizational development
were already underway. The large amount of armories, depots,
airfields, training establishments, etc. in operation or
under construction, show that the U.S. Army was already
gearing up.
The rapid German 1939 Poland Campaign had stimulated President
Franklin Delando Roosevelt into declaring a limited national
emergence, raising the strength of the Regular Army to 227,000.
Further German campaigns in 1940 -- which resulted in the
defeat of Norway, Denmark, the Netherlands, Luxemburg, Belgium,
and France, the entry of Italy into the war, and the retreat
of Britain from the Continent -- had shocked the initially
overwhelmingly isolationist American Congress into authorizing
huge sums to prepare the US Army for war.
On 16 September 1940 the President signed the Selective
Service Act authorizing the strength of the Army to be raised
to 1,400,000 men. The additional authorized sums and manpower
enabled the US Chief of Staff to scheduled a fully equipped
force of 500,000 men by 1 July 1941, a force of 1,000,000
by January 1942, and a force of 1,500,000 or 2,000,000 by
July 1942. Over the next years, the planned numbers of men
and equipment were continually revised. The US Army in June
1940 had consisted of some 300,000 men. By 31 December 1940
this had increased to 620,774 and by 30 November 1941 there
were 1,644,212 men in the Army. Equipment had increased
also, although by no means in equal proportion owing to
the Roosevelt''s policy of initially assisting Great Britain
and other effective enemies of Germany at the expense of
rearming the American forces. By the end of World War II,
the US Army had a well-equipped Army with 8,300,000 men.
In addition to the Regular Army, the United States had
another armed force, the National Guard. Although this army
was under direct control of the individual states, it supervised
by the Regular Army. When the National Guard divisions were
inducted into Federal service during 1940/41, they came
direct under control of the War Department. National Guard
men are included in the above manpower figures.
The Philippines -- designated at the time as a "Commonwealth"
-- were by dint of conquest, subject to the US government,
but being prepared for independence. It had a fledgling
Philippine Army. On 26 July 1941 the American President
called this Philippine Army into the service of the United
States. General MacArthur was recalled to active duty at
the same date and designated Commanding General Forces in
the Far East. On that same day, U.S. Army Forces in the
Far East (U.S.A.F.F.E.) issued Order No. 1, establishing
U.S.A.F.F.E., with MacArthur assuming command. This new
command encompassed the Philippine Department of the US
Army as well as the Philippine Army. Subsequently, on 15.08.41,
cadres of the 10 reserve divisions were called into U.S.
service. All Philippine Army Air Corps (P.A.A.C.) units
were also inducted on that same date.
Details the General Staff, Overseas Commands, including
the Hawaiian Department, both Army and Army Air Corps. US
Army Forces in the Far East. The Phillipine Divisions, and
Reserve Force., the far East Air force & Philippine
Army Air Corps. The US Army Corps Areas, The Armies, Corps
& Divisions, The Armored Force, Alaska Defense Command,
Caribbean Defence Command etc., etc.
88 pages, 160 diagrammatic tables, list of Camps, Forts,
Fields etc. Index of names.
ISBN 978-0-85420-971-2 Hardback Edition £27.99
ISBN 978-0-85420-976-7 Softback Edition £18.99
VOLUME 2 UNITED STATES ARMY AIR CORPS ORDER OF BATTLE
7 DECEMBER 1941
On 20 June 1941 the Army Air Forces was created to unify
command under one office. The AAF was superior to both the
Air Corps and the GHQ Air Force. The Commanding General,
AAF was directly responsible to the Army Chief of Staff.
At the same time, the GHQ Air Force was redesignated as
Air Force Combat Command. Nevertheless, direct command of
the Army Airforces combat components were roughly divided
between the Chief of the Army Airforce and the Chief of
Staff, GHQ Army. The latter had air units under its control
in the Alaskan Defense Command, the Caribbean Defense Command,
Hawaiian Department, United States Army Forces Far East
(in the Philippines), and the four Atlantic base commands.
The nine Corps Areas still had some Air Corps Detachments,
(basically ground service units running air bases), assigned
to stations within their commands for the Organized Reserves
or Airways Duty. In addition, some of these were assigned
to Air Forces and Commands. The reorganization was still
in progress when the Japanese struck Pearl Harbor, and presents
a somewhat confusing picture at times.
President Franklin Delando Roosevelt''s message to the
United States Congress of 12 January 1939, besides increasing
the size of the US Army overall, urged that $300 million
be appropriated for the purchase of aircraft for the Army.
The existing strength of the Air Corps at that time was
approximately 1700 tactical and training aircraft, some
1600 Air Corps officers, and 18,000 enlisted men. By mid
1939, the US Congress had approved purchase of an additional
3251 aircraft, and the expansion of the Air Corps to some
3200 officers and 45,000 enlisted men. Plans at that time
called for 34 tactical groups to be combat ready by mid
1942. By May 1940, the plan was expanded to 41 groups and
President Roosevelt called for an annual output of 50,000
planes, (36,500 for the AAF and 13,500 for the US Navy.)
By the end of the year the plan was expanded to 54 groups
incorporating 4000 tactical planes, 187,000 enlisted men,
15,000 civilian aviation cadets, and 16,800 officers.
During the first eight months of 1941, some $6,500 million
was appropriated. Just before December 1941, the plan was
further expanded to 84 groups, comprising 400,000 men by
mid 1942. On 7 Dec 41, the AAF had activated 70 tactical
groups, including 14 heavy bombardment, 9 medium bombardment,
5 light bombardment, 25 pursuit, 11 observation, and 6 transport
groups. Many of these groups were at cadre strength, and
had only a few suitable aircraft each. Nevertheless, 19,428
military aircraft were accepted in 1941.
During the years 1939 - 1941, the AAF expended 8,000 million
dollars and procured 37,500 aircraft.
In August 1940 the President called up the National Guard
and the Reserves. Between mid 1939 to mid 1941, the total
of Air Corps personnel jumped from 20,503 to 152,569, and
was still continuing to expand on the eve of Pearl Harbor.
In plans at the beginning of called for training of 300
pilots per year; by mid 1941 the total was raised to 30,000,
and plans were being made to increase that to 50,000 pilots
per year by mid 1942. Air Corps expansion which did not
reach its peak until 1944.
The Air Corps did not have enough facilities to train all
these men. Besides a vast building program of new Air Corps
airfields, depots, and training facilities, private civilian
aviation and technical schools were used.
This study is a compendium of facts drawn from original
sources.
ISBN 978-0-85420-693-3 Hardback Edition £27.99
ISBN 978-0-85420-694-0 Softback Edition £18.99
Volume 3: UNITED STATES NAVY, MARINE CORPS & COAST
GUARD ORDER OF BATTLE : 7 DECEMBER 1941
US Armed Forces Command Structure, Secretary of the Navy,
Department of the Navy, Chief of Naval Operations. Guam
Island & Samoa Island Commands. The Asiatic Fleet -
Destroyers, Aircraft, Submarines & Service Train. Pacific
Fleet - 2nd Joint Training Force - Battle Force, Battleships,
Aircraft, Cruisers, Destroyers [ Destroyer Squadrons 1 &
2 ]. - Scouting Force, Cruisers, Aircraft, Submarines [
Submarine Squadrons 4 & 6 ] - Base Force, Service Squadron
6. Atlantic Fleet - Amphibious Force, Battleships, Aircraft,
Cruisers, Patrol Wings, Destroyers [ Destroyer Squadrons
3, 4 & 8 ], Submarines [ Submarine Squadrons 1, 3, 5,
7 ]. Train [ Service Squadrons 3 & 5 ]. Naval Districts
[ 1st, 3rd, 4th, 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th 13th
14th 15th Naval 16th ]. Commands [ Johnston Island, Wake
Island, Midway Island, Palmyra Island, Potomac River, Servern
River ] The Marine Corps, Headquarters, 1 & 2 Divisions,
1 & 2 Air Wings. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 Marine Defense
Battalions. 1st Marine Brigade (Provisional), 4th Marines,
Marine Forces in Northern China, Marine Corps Bases Parris
Island, Quantico, New River, San Diego, Camp Elliott, Air
Station Ewa, Air Facility St. Thomas. The Coast Guard. Headquarters,
Maritime Service, US Coast Guard Reserve. Districts, Boston,
New York, Philadelphia, Norfolk, Charleston, Jacksonville,
New Orleans, St. Louis Chicago, Cleveland, San Juan, Los
Angeles, San Francisco, Seattle, Ketchikan, Honolulu. Convoys
at Sea escorted by the U.S. Navy. Navy Shore Establishments.
Marine Details at US Navy Shore Establishments & on
Navy Vessels. USN, USMC, and USCG Aircraft. US Army 1st
and 3rd Infantry Divisions.
295x210mm 103 pages 110 diagrams
ISBN 978-0-85420-784-8 Hardback Edition £27.99
ISBN 978-0-85420-789-3 Softback Edition £18.99
UNITED STATES ARMY GROUND FORCES, TABLES OF ORGANIZATION
AND EQUIPMENT, WORLD WAR II by J J Hays.
This series will, for the first time provide a detailed
and precise examination of the organisation of the US Division
throughout World War II. Here will be found the Tables of
Organization and the Tables of Equipment starting with those
of 1940 as these were in effect when American went to war
in 1941. These Tables remained in effect until mid 1942
so were in use during the early campaigns in the Pacific
and North Africa. These volumes trace the development of
the infantry division from 1940 to 1945. Here will be found
precisely how the US Army’s principal fighting formation
was organised and, with battle experience, how the organisation
and equipment was varied from the lessons learnt. For example
liaison aircraft and the 2.36" rocket launcher (Bazooka)
first made their appearance in the Infantry Division organisation
in July 1943. The Division’s units strengths altered during
the war for example the Military Police varied from 220
to 106 men. The tables show how the role of the radio developed
from the relatively few sets in 1940 to the hundreds that
were required in 1944. The tables are supported by diagrams
and with drawings created by the author. These drawings
clearly and accurately show each weapon and vehicle type
that the units were issued with. Thus enabling the reader
to see the exact table of weapons and equipment of each
unit ‘at a glance’.
The Division organisation went through a number of alterations
until the final wartime organisation in early 1945. Each
volume has numerous tables, for instance the Infantry Division
volumes have some 250 tables. In addition there are detailed
diagrams illustrating the organisation of the Division sub
units, which detail the numbers of officers and their ranks,
and the numbers of Warrant Officers, NCOs and enlisted men,
their equipment and weapons. Again these tables trace the
development of each type of sub unit during the course of
the war.
The Infantry Division 1940-1945 Volume 1 :
The Infantry Division : Part I :
The Division HQ & Special Troops, Signals, Medical, Ordinance,
Quartermaster. The 1939 Infantry Division and the 1940 Square
Division are also included.
295 x 210mm ix + 146 + xiv pages, 110 tables and illustrated
diagrams.
ISBN 978-0-85420-805-0 Hardback edition £32.99
ISBN 978-0-85420-810-4 Softback edition £19.99
Volume 1 : The Infantry Division : Part II :
Engineer Regiment and Battalion, Infantry Brigade, Regiment,
Battalions and Companies.
295 x 210 mm, ix + 144 pages, 140 tables and diagrams.
ISBN 978-0-85420-028-3 Hardback edition £32.99
ISBN 978-0-85420-033-7 Softback edition £19.99
Volume 1 : The Infantry Division : Part III :
Cavalry mechanized reconnaissance Troop & Field Artillery
Brigade, Regiments and Battalions.
295 x 210 mm, ix + 135 pages & 120 tables etc.
ISBN 978-0-85420-038-2 Hardback edition £32.99
ISBN 978-0-85420-043-6 Softback edition £19.99
Volume 2 : The Armored Division: Part I :
Division HQ, Armored Brigade, Armored Regiment, Light Armored
Battalion, Armored Regiment Medium, Armored Battalion Medium,
Armored Reconnaissance Battalion, Cavalry Reconnaissance
Squadron Quartermaster Supply Battalion, Military Police
Platoon.
295 x 210 mm, ix + 224 + xi pages, 200 tables & illustrated
diagrams
ISBN 978-0-85420-257-7 Hardback Edition £32.99
ISBN 978-0-85420-262-1 Softback Edition £19.99
Volume 2 : The Armored Division: Part II :
Armored Engineer Battalion, Field Artillery Regiment, Armored
Division Artillery, Armored Field Artillery Battalion, Armored
Infantry Battalion, Armored Medical Battalion, Ordnance
Maintenance Battalion. Armored Signal Company, Armored Division
Train. Staff Organisation, Supply System, Equipment Notes,
Communications Equipment, Engineer Equipment.
295 x 210 mm, ix + 250 + xi pages, 220 tables & illustrated
diagrams
ISBN 978-0-85420-267-6 Hardback Edition £32.99
ISBN 978-0-85420-272-0 Softback Edition £19.99
Volume 3: The Airborne Division : Part I :
Division Headquarters, Airborne Anti-aircraft Battalion,
Airborne Engineer Battalion, Division Artillery, Parachute
Field Artillery Battalion, Glider Field Artillery Battalion.
Staff Organization, Supply system.
295 x 210mm, ix + 132 + x pages, 120 tables & illustrated
diagrams.
ISBN 978-0-85420-204-1 Hardback Edition £32.99
ISBN 978-0-85420-209-6 Softback Edition £19.99
Volume 3 : The Airborne Division : Part II :
Parachute Infantry Regiment, Glider Infantry Regiment, Airborne
Medical, Ordnance, Quartermaster, Signal & Parachute Maintenance
Companies, Airborne Reconnaissance & Military Police Platoon,
Airborne Special Troops.
295 x 210mm, ix + 135 + x pages, 125 tables & illustrated
diagrams.
ISBN 978-0-85420-214-0 Hardback Edition £32.99
ISBN 978-0-85420-219-5 Softback Edition £19.99
 
Later Volumes will include, Cavalry & Mountain Divisions
: Non Divisional Anti-Aircraft & Field Artillery Units :
Non Divisional Engineer, Mechanised Cavalry & Tank Destroyer
formations.
Volume 4 : The Cavalry Division : Part I
Cavalry Division, Division Headquarters, Division Headquarters
Troop, Reconnaissance Squadron & Troops. Tables of symbols,
equipment silhouettes, abbreviations index, staff organization,
supply system, communications & engineer equipment.
295 x 210mm, ix + 135 + x pages, 125 tables & illustrated
diagrams.
ISBN 978-0-85420-264-5 Hardback Edition £32.99
ISBN 978-0-85420-269-0 Softback Edition £19.99
Volume 4 : The Cavalry Division : Part II
Cavalry Brigade, Brigade Headquarters Troop, Cavalry Regiment
& Troops, Cavalry Squadron & Troops. Cavalry Regiment
(Infantry). Medical Squadron, Ordinance Troop. Tables of
symbols, equipment silhouettes, abbreviations index, staff
organization, supply system, communications & engineer
equipment.
295 x 210mm, x +139 + vi pages, 125 tables & illustrated
diagrams.
ISBN 978-0-85420-274-4 Hardback Edition £32.99
ISBN 978-0-85420-279-9 Softback Edition £19.99
Volume 4 : The Cavalry Division : Part III
Division Artillery, Field Artillery Battalions 105mm Howitzer,
Field Artillery Battalions 75mm Howitzer, Quartermaster
Squadron Tables of symbols, equipment silhouettes, abbreviations
index, staff organization, supply system, communications
& engineer equipment Division Artillery, Field Artillery
Battalions 105mm Howitzer, Field Artillery Battalions 75mm
Howitzer, Quartermaster Squadron Tables of symbols, equipment
silhouettes, abbreviations index, staff organization, supply
system, communications & engineer equipment.
295 x 210mm, ix + 139 + vi pages. 124 tables and illustrated
diagrams.
ISBN 978-0-85420-284-3 Hardback Edition £32.99
ISBN 978-0-85420-289-8 Softback Edition £19.99
Volume 5 : Mountain Division
In preparation. Publication planned Autumn
2006.
Volume 6 : Mechanized Cavalry
Mechanized Cavalry Regiments, Field Army
and Corps Units of Groups and Squadrons. Mechanized Cavalry
was developed from the Cavalry Branch of the US Army. The
first units appeared in the late 1930s in the form of horse-mechanized
cavalry. A fully mechanized cavalry regiment appeared in
1942, replacing the horse-mechanized regiment as a Corps
reconnaissance unit. In 1943 there was a major reorganization.
The Group replaced the Regiment and commanded between 2
to 4 Battalions / Squadrons. Groups were attached to Armies
which then assigned them to Corps. The Squadrons were then
assigned to Infantry Divisions as they were required for
operations. Their roles included defence, mobile reserve,
rear area security and control, screening the formation's
flanks and covering gaps in the front. Offensive fighting
such as pursuit / exploitation was a relatively minor role
which took up 10% of their activity also reconnaissance
amounted to some 3%.
295 x 210mm, xii + 65 + 23 pages, 70 tables & 32 diagrams.
ISBN 978-0-85420-361-1 Hardback Edition £32.99
ISBN 978-0-85420-366-6 Softback Edition £19.99
Volume 7 : Chemical Warfare Service
Field Army and Corps Units of the Chemical
Warfare Service: Chemical Mortar, Regiments, Battalions
and Companies, Smoke Generator Battalions and, Companies,
Maintenance, Depot Impregnating, Base Impregnating, Laboratory,
Base Depot, General Service and Decontamination Companies.
295 x 210 mm, xiv + 150 + i-xix pages. Tables,
diagrams & silhouettes.
ISBN 978-0-85420-699-5 Hardback Edition £32.99
ISBN 978-0-85420-698-8 Softback Edition £19.99
Volume 8 : Antiaircraft Artillery (formerly Coast Artillery
Corps) : Part I
Antiaircraft Artillery Higher Headquarters
: Antiaircraft Artillery Brigade : Antiaircraft Artillery
Regiment, Mobile : Antiaircraft Artillery Group : Antiaircraft
Artillery Battalion, Gun, Mobile : Antiaircraft Artillery
Automatic Weapons, Battalion : Antiaircraft Artillery Searchlight
Battalion.
295 x 210 mm, x + 162 + ix pages, 145 tables,
illustrated diagrams.
ISBN 978-0-85420-352-9 Hardback Edition £32.99
ISBN 978-0-85420-357-4 Softback Edition £19.99
Volume 8 : Antiaircraft Artillery (formerly
Coast Artillery Corps) : Part II
Antiaircraft Automatic Weapons Battalion,
Self Propelled : Coast Artillery Regiment, Antiaircraft
Artillery, Semi Mobile Coast Artillery Battalion, Gun, AAA.
Semi mobile : Antiaircraft Artillery Gun Battalion, Semi
Mobile : Coast Artillery Battalion. 37 mm Gun, AA, Semi
Mobile : Coast Artillery Battalion. Auto Wpns, AA, Semi
Mobile : Antiaircraft Artillery Auto Wpns, Battalion, Semi
Mobile : Coast Artillery Battalion. Searchlight, AA, Semi
Mobile : Antiaircraft Artillery Searchlight Battalion.
295 x 210 mm, 152 + x pages, 140 tables,
illustrated diagrams.
ISBN 978-0-85420-362-8 Hardback Edition £32.99
ISBN 978-0-85420-367-3 Softback Edition £19.99
Volume 8 : Antiaircraft Artillery (formerly
Coast Artillery Corps) : Part III
Battalion, Gun, Mobile, Separate : Battalion,
37 mm Gun, Separate : Battalion, Searchlight, Separate :
Battalion, Gun, Semi Mobile, Separate : Battalion, Automatic
Weapons, Semi Mobile, Separate : Automatic Weapons Group
: Battalion, Automatic Weapons, Air Transportable : Airborne
Battalion : Barrage Balloon Group : Barrage Balloon Battalion
Separate : Barrage Balloon Battalion, Very Low Altitude
: Machine Gun Battalion, Light.
295 x 210 mm, x + 155 + ixx pages, 145 tables,
illustrated diagrams.
ISBN 978-0-85420-372-7 Hardback Edition £32.99
ISBN 978-0-85420-377-2 Softback Edition £19.99
Volume 9 : Corps of Engineers
Brigades, Regiments, Battalions and Separate
Companies. In preparation.
CROSS FIRE: A CIVIL WAR ANTHOLOGY
 
The American Civil War : a series of studies from the Archive
of the American Civil War Round Table (UK) which include:
American Civil War.
Watershed in Military Technology.
Andrews Railroad Raid.
Battle of Kelly’s Ford.
Battle of Cedar Creek.
Beauty or the Beast ?
General Butler.
Britons on the Alabama.
Canby at Mobile.
Chickamagua.
Confederate Bazaar at Liverpool.
Confederates in Paris.
Elizabeth van Lew.
Every Inch.
56 Virginia Infantry.
Fleet find Another Home.
My Brave Young Brother.
Tom Chamberlain.
Nashville Affair.
Once a Rogue.
Sam Chamberlain and the Medal of Honor.
R H Williams, the English Texas Ranger.
Railroads of the Confederacy.
Two American Patriots.
Women in the Civil War.
295 x 210 mm, xxvi + 131 pages 11 col & 30 b/w illus, 16
maps, 6 maps.
ISBN 978-0-85420-261-4 Hardback Edition £32.99
ISBN 978-0-85420-252-2 Softback Edition £19.99
JAPAN’S BATTLE OF OKINAWA : APRIL - JUNE 1945
by Dr T M Huber.
The last campaign of World War II in the Pacific. This account
is based on Japanese sources and written from a Japanese
point of view. The three months of bitter fighting between
the 32nd Japanese and 10th U.S. Armies are fully described
and supported by numerous coloured maps. By the time organised
resistance had ended on 21st June over 90,000 Japanese were
dead and nearly 7,500 were prisoners. The US forces had
suffered over 72,000 casualties. Originally published in
1990, when only a few copies were printed It is considered
one of the principal sources of information on this campaign
and is frequently included in bibliographies. In this new
and expanded edition the maps have been redrawn and reproduced
in colour.
Three chapters had been added to this edition. One includes
the interrogation reports of Colonel Yahara, the Operations
Officer of the Japanese 32nd Army. Yahara had been ordered
not to commit suicide but to attempt to escape to Japan,
during this attempt he was captured. During his interrogations
he freely discussed the campaign with American Intelligence
officers. There is also the interrogation report of Mr Shimada
who was the personal assistant to Lt General Cho, the Chief
of Staff of the 32nd Army. In addition there is a chapter
written by D E Floyd describing the activities of US Army
Engineers and their vital role in tackling the cave defence
systems. The final additional chapter, written by L Cole,
examines the impact of the US casualties and shipping losses
during the Okinawa campaign and their impact on the planned
invasion of Japan. It would appear from the lessons learnt
that in all probability the invasion of Japan as envisaged
would not have proceeded. The conclusions reached in this
chapter are controversial.
210 x 295 mm, 130 pages, 15 colour maps, 5 pp of drawings
& diagrams, index.
ISBN 978-0-85420-014-6 Hardback Edition £32.99
ISBN 978-0-85420-023-8 Softback Edition £19.99
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US Armed Forces